Calcium hydroxide (vapno gashene) melene, Slovakia

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Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime, caustic lime, chemical base - Ca(OH)2) is a strong inorganic calcium base. Under standard conditions, calcium hydroxide is a finely crystalline, hygroscopic, white powder, slightly soluble in water.

Lime milk is used for whitewashing walls, fences, and tree trunks.

Applications of calcium hydroxide:

• For preparing lime mortar. Slaked lime has been used for masonry construction since ancient times. Such a mortar usually consists by weight of one part slaked lime and three to four parts of quartz sand. Add water to the mixture until a thick mass is obtained. In the mixture, a chemical reaction of the components occurs with the formation of calcium silicates, and in this reaction water is released. This is a disadvantage of such a solution, since high humidity remains for a long time in rooms built using such a solution. This is also why in modern construction cement has almost completely replaced slaked lime as a binder in building mortars.

• For the preparation of silicate concrete and sand-lime brick. The composition of silicate concrete is similar to the composition of lime mortar, but its hardening occurs several times faster, since the mixture of slaked lime and quartz sand is treated with superheated (174–197 °C) water steam in an autoclave at an elevated pressure of 9–15 atmospheres.
• To eliminate carbonate hardness of water (water softening).

• For the production of bleach.

• For the production of lime fertilizers and reducing the acidity of acidic soils.

• In production by causticization of soda and potash.

• When tanning leather.

• For the production of other calcium compounds, neutralization of acidic solutions (including industrial wastewater), production of organic acids, etc.

• Registered in the food industry as a food additive E526.

• As a reagent for a qualitative reaction to carbon dioxide.

• Lime milk is used for refining sugar in sugar production.

• In Latin America, corn grains are boiled in lime milk to soften the shell, activate gluten and improve digestibility.

• For the preparation of mixtures to combat plant diseases and pests, for example, it is part of the classic fungicide - Bordeaux mixture.

• In dentistry for disinfection of root canals of teeth