Sodium
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| Name | Sodium/Natrium |
| CAS number | 7440-23-5 |
| Chemical formula | Na |
Sodium is an element of the I main group with atomic number 11 .
A simple substance is a silver-white alkali metal, in thin layers with a violet tint. It is plastic, even soft (easily cut with a knife), a fresh cut of sodium glistens .
Sodium is an extremely active and reactive element; when stored in air, it is easily oxidized, forming sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate. Therefore, it is stored under a layer of kerosene in dark glass. Reacts violently with water .
Application area
Sodium is used as a reducing agent to obtain refractory metals (titanium, zirconium, etc.). In alloy with some metals ( K , Rb , Ce ) is used as a highly efficient heat transfer medium. An alloy of sodium with potassium is used in nuclear power engineering in nuclear installations .
Sodium is also used as a catalyst in organic synthesis and in the production of synthetic rubber .
Sodium compounds are also widely used. Sodium peroxide (Na 2 O 2 ) is used for bleaching wool, fabrics, silk, etc.
Sodium hydroxide NaOH is one of the most important products of the chemical industry. It is used for the purification of oil refinery products, for the production of artificial fibers, in soap, paper, textile and other industries .
Sodium salts have also found wide application in human life and in all industries. For example :
- soda ash (sodium carbonate Na 2 CO 3 ) and drinking soda (sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3) are the main products of the chemical industry;
- sodium fluoride NaF is used in agriculture, for wood processing, in the production of enamels, etc.;
- sodium chloride NaCl (common salt) - in technology, medicine, food industry, for the production of soda, caustic soda, etc.;
- sodium dichromate Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 is used as a strong oxidizing agent;
- sodium nitrate NaNO 3 (sodium nitrate) - as a nitrogen fertilizer;
- sodium silicate NaSiO 3 - soluble glass;
- sodium sulfate Na 2 SO 4 - in the glass, leather, soap, textile, pulp and paper industries;
- sodium sulfite Na 2 SO 4 , sodium thiosulfate Na 2 SO 3 and NaBr are used in medicine and photography, etc.
